Climate change or extreme climate conditions are really important to tackle when we talk about global rice production, particularly in the countries that produce most of the rice.In Bangladesh, salinity affects about one million hectares of arable land. Saltwater encroachment due to rising sea levels and lower rainfall threatens rice crops in the coastal farming area.Floods cause farmers in Bangladesh and India to lose up to 4 million tons of rice annually.Drought affects 23 million hectares of rainfed rice in South and Southeast Asia and large areas in Africa where 70-80% of rice lands are rainfed.(Data source: OECD-FAO, 2021) Climatic factors affecting rice production In this histogram below it is clear that consumption of rice in terms of kilograms per person per year will be increased substantially in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Bangladesh by 2030, as compared to the levels of consumption in 1975-1977. Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) What are the trends in rice consumption among selected Asian countries? As per the latest report of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global mean temperature is likely to increase by about 1-6 degrees Celsius compared to the pre-industrial era by the end of this century. Drought is one of the major issues as rice requires about 80% of the total freshwater resources in Asia. If you look at the climate change issues, there are many extreme climatic conditions such as drought, floods, extreme temperatures, and rising sea levels affecting rice production. India alone produces more than 100 million tonnes of rice annually. However, countries in South East Asia, and South Asia produce more than 50 million tons. As you can see, rice is produced mainly in Asian countries, South Asian or South East Asian countries, and many other countries in Latin America, Central America, and South America, and African regions. In the Figure below, you can see how Global Rice Production was distributed in 2020. In this article, you will read about rice, climate-smart agriculture solutions and the way forward. Rice production is a critical aspect of global food security as it is facing challenges due to climate change, which is impacting rice production in various regions of the world.
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